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Thaksin Shinawatra
taixyz1992 Thu Dec 02, 2010 6:17 am
Thaksin Shinawatra (Thai: ทักษิณ ชินวัตร, RTGS: Thaksin Chinnawat; pronounced [tʰáksǐn tɕʰinnawát] ( listen); Chinese: 丘達新; born 26 July 1949) is a Thai billionaire politician and businessman who was Prime Minister of Thailand from 2001 to 2006, when he was deposed in a military coup.
In 2008, Thaksin was found guilty in a Thai court of corruption and sentenced in absentia to two years imprisonment. As of today, he has not served the sentence and remains a fugitive. Thaksin briefly owned Manchester City Football Club from 2007 to 2008. Following a prolonged series of violent political protests in Bangkok from March to May 2010, in which 88 people died, Thai court issued a warrant for the arrest of Thaksin on terrorism charges.
Thaksin entered politics in 1994 under Phalang Dharma Party, left the party with many of its MPs in 1996, in effect eviscerating it, and founded the populist Thai Rak Thai (TRT) party in 1998. After a historic election victory in 2001, he became prime minister, the country's first to serve a full term.[3] Thaksin introduced a range of partly effective policies to alleviate rural poverty; highly popular, they helped reduce poverty by half in four years.[4][5] He launched the country's first universal healthcare program,[6] the 30-baht scheme, as well as a severely human-rights violating but also highly popular drug suppression campaign.[7] After his purchases of MPs from other political parties, most notably the New Aspiration Party founded by Chavalit Yongchaiyudh, his Thai Rak Thai party won an unprecedented landslide in the 2005 general election, which had the highest voter turnout in Thai history.[8][9][10]
However, the Shinawatra government also faced allegations of electoral fraud, corruption, authoritarianism, treason, conflicts of interest, acting non-diplomatically, and muzzling of the press.[11] Thaksin was accused of tax evasion, lèse majesté (insulting the dignity of a reigning sovereign) and selling national assets to international investors.[12][13] Independent bodies, including Amnesty International, criticized Thaksin's human rights record. Thaksin was also pressed charged for concealing his wealth during his premier.[14]
Protests by the People's Alliance for Democracy occurred in 2006, and on 19 September 2006 a military junta which later called itself the Council for National Security overthrew Thaksin's government in a coup while he was abroad. A CNS-appointed constitutional tribunal dissolved the Thai Rak Thai party for electoral fraud ex post facto, banning him and TRT's executives from politics for five years.[15] The CNS-appointed Assets Examination Committee froze Thaksin and his family's assets in Thailand, totaling 76 billion baht ($2.2 billion), claiming he had become unusually wealthy while in office.[16][17] Thaksin and his wife had declared assets totaling 15.1 billion baht when he took office in 2001, although he had transferred many of his assets to his children and associates before taking office.[18]
Thaksin returned to Thailand on 28 February 2008, after the People's Power Party, which he supported, won the post-coup elections.[19] But after visiting Beijing for the 2008 Summer Olympics, he did not return to hear the final supreme court sentence and applied for asylum in the United Kingdom. This was not accepted so he had to move about from one country to another. In October, the Supreme Court found him guilty of a conflict of interest and sentenced him in absentia to two years in jail.[20]
The People's Power Party was later banned by the Supreme Court, but party members regrouped to form the Pheu Thai Party, which Thaksin also supported. Thaksin has also been a supporter, and alleged bankroller, of the United Front for Democracy against Dictatorship (the "Red Shirts").[21][22] The Government revoked Thaksin's passport for his role in the UDD's protests during Songkran 2009.[23][24][25] In 26 February 2010, the Supreme Court seized 46 billion baht of his frozen assets, after finding him guilty of abnormal wealth. In 2009 it was announced that Thaksin had obtained Montenegrin citizenship.[26][27][28] In October 2010, Thaksin was listed as one of the five "bad exes" who are internationally known for their scandals and corruption.
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In 2008, Thaksin was found guilty in a Thai court of corruption and sentenced in absentia to two years imprisonment. As of today, he has not served the sentence and remains a fugitive. Thaksin briefly owned Manchester City Football Club from 2007 to 2008. Following a prolonged series of violent political protests in Bangkok from March to May 2010, in which 88 people died, Thai court issued a warrant for the arrest of Thaksin on terrorism charges.
Thaksin entered politics in 1994 under Phalang Dharma Party, left the party with many of its MPs in 1996, in effect eviscerating it, and founded the populist Thai Rak Thai (TRT) party in 1998. After a historic election victory in 2001, he became prime minister, the country's first to serve a full term.[3] Thaksin introduced a range of partly effective policies to alleviate rural poverty; highly popular, they helped reduce poverty by half in four years.[4][5] He launched the country's first universal healthcare program,[6] the 30-baht scheme, as well as a severely human-rights violating but also highly popular drug suppression campaign.[7] After his purchases of MPs from other political parties, most notably the New Aspiration Party founded by Chavalit Yongchaiyudh, his Thai Rak Thai party won an unprecedented landslide in the 2005 general election, which had the highest voter turnout in Thai history.[8][9][10]
However, the Shinawatra government also faced allegations of electoral fraud, corruption, authoritarianism, treason, conflicts of interest, acting non-diplomatically, and muzzling of the press.[11] Thaksin was accused of tax evasion, lèse majesté (insulting the dignity of a reigning sovereign) and selling national assets to international investors.[12][13] Independent bodies, including Amnesty International, criticized Thaksin's human rights record. Thaksin was also pressed charged for concealing his wealth during his premier.[14]
Protests by the People's Alliance for Democracy occurred in 2006, and on 19 September 2006 a military junta which later called itself the Council for National Security overthrew Thaksin's government in a coup while he was abroad. A CNS-appointed constitutional tribunal dissolved the Thai Rak Thai party for electoral fraud ex post facto, banning him and TRT's executives from politics for five years.[15] The CNS-appointed Assets Examination Committee froze Thaksin and his family's assets in Thailand, totaling 76 billion baht ($2.2 billion), claiming he had become unusually wealthy while in office.[16][17] Thaksin and his wife had declared assets totaling 15.1 billion baht when he took office in 2001, although he had transferred many of his assets to his children and associates before taking office.[18]
Thaksin returned to Thailand on 28 February 2008, after the People's Power Party, which he supported, won the post-coup elections.[19] But after visiting Beijing for the 2008 Summer Olympics, he did not return to hear the final supreme court sentence and applied for asylum in the United Kingdom. This was not accepted so he had to move about from one country to another. In October, the Supreme Court found him guilty of a conflict of interest and sentenced him in absentia to two years in jail.[20]
The People's Power Party was later banned by the Supreme Court, but party members regrouped to form the Pheu Thai Party, which Thaksin also supported. Thaksin has also been a supporter, and alleged bankroller, of the United Front for Democracy against Dictatorship (the "Red Shirts").[21][22] The Government revoked Thaksin's passport for his role in the UDD's protests during Songkran 2009.[23][24][25] In 26 February 2010, the Supreme Court seized 46 billion baht of his frozen assets, after finding him guilty of abnormal wealth. In 2009 it was announced that Thaksin had obtained Montenegrin citizenship.[26][27][28] In October 2010, Thaksin was listed as one of the five "bad exes" who are internationally known for their scandals and corruption.
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